It would depend on the encryption algorithm. If you used a simple XOR operation (just obfuscation, not encryption in my book) then only the current byte would be affected.
But if you used any of the encryption algorithms where the contents of the previous byte affects the encryption of the current byte, then a single bit flip of an encrypted byte stream could affect every byte after it.
Often, large data streams are encrypted in ‘sections’ meaning you don’t have to go back to the start of the stream to decrypt some data at offset 1 billion. You just have to go back to the start of the current ‘encryption section’. In this case, the effects of a bit flip would be limited to a single section.